ABSTRACT Aspiration of oral bacteria leads to cardiac and respiratory infectious diseases and dentures can act as a reservoir for pathogenic microorganisms. Objective: To determine the occurrence and the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of enteric rods and pseudomonads from the denture biofilm of 52 subjects at the Center for Dental Specialties of Sobral/ Ceara, Brazil. Material and Methods: Denture biofilm was collected and samples plated on MacConkey agar. The isolated bacterial colonies were identified using the BBL Crystal enteric/non-fermenter system. Antibiotic bacterial susceptibility was assessed by the disc diffusion method of amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, doxycycline, tetracycline, tobramycin, imipenem, cefotaxime, and ciprofloxacin. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of cefotaxime, tobramycin, doxycycline, imipenem, and ciprofloxacin was determined for 40 species by E-test. Results: 34 subjects (65.4%) harbored enteric rods in their prostheses. Klebsiella pneumoniae (26.5%), Escherichia coli (23.5%), and Enterobacter aerogenes (23.5%) were the most prevalent species. All organisms were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and most species were resistant to amoxicillin or amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, demonstrating variable sensitivity patterns to other antimicrobials. However, the MIC showed the emergence of strains with reduced sensitivity to ciprofloxacin (MIC90≥3 μg/ mL) and cefotaxime (MIC90≥2 μg/mL). Conclusion: The findings show high prevalence of nosocomial diseases-related bacterial species and low susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs. Therefore, these results imply caution against the indiscriminate use of broad spectrum antibiotics in dental practice.

RESUMO De acordo com a Lei Arouca (Lei n° 11.794 – 2008), que estabelece critérios para “a criação e a utilização de animais em atividades de ensino e pesquisa científica, em todo o território nacional”, tem-se que, “sempre que possível, as práticas de ensino deverão ser fotografadas, filmadas ou gravadas, de forma a permitir sua reprodução para ilustração de práticas futuras, evitando-se a repetição desnecessária de procedimentos didáticos com animais”. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar o desenvolvimento de um software (Pharmasoftware®) como método alternativo de ensino em Farmacologia no curso de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Campus Sobral. Para a certificação, foram utilizados dois grupos de alunos, um em aula prática convencional e outro com o Pharmasoftware®. A análise dos resultados revelou que ambas as atividades foram igualmente eficazes em auxiliar na consolidação do tema Vias de Administração dos Fármacos, evidenciando, assim, o Pharmasoftware® como uma ferramenta capaz de auxiliar no ensino da Farmacologia e, ainda, de fomentar a implantação de outros métodos alternativos de ensino de Farmacologia nas Instituições de Ensino Superior.

ABSTRACT The Brazilian Law on scientific and teaching use of animals, Arouca’s Law (n° 11.794 – 2008), clearly states that animals should not be used if an alternative method is available. The aim of this study was to describe the development of a software (Pharmasoftware®) as an alternative method of teaching in pharmacology at a Medical School (Federal University of Ceara, Campus Sobral). To support the development and validation of the Pharmasoftware® as an alternative method, students were allocated into two groups: one attending a conventional practical class and the other employing Pharmasoftware®. The results showed that two activities were equally effective in improving the students’ knowledge of drug administration. Pharmasoftware® may therefore represent a tool capable of supporting pharmacology teaching and it also fostering the establishment of alternative methods for teaching Pharmacology in the undergraduate courses.

RESUMO De acordo com a Lei Arouca (Lei n° 11.794 – 2008), que estabelece critérios para “a criação e a utilização de animais em atividades de ensino e pesquisa científica, em todo o território nacional”, tem-se que, “sempre que possível, as práticas de ensino deverão ser fotografadas, filmadas ou gravadas, de forma a permitir sua reprodução para ilustração de práticas futuras, evitando-se a repetição desnecessária de procedimentos didáticos com animais”. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar o desenvolvimento de um software (Pharmasoftware®) como método alternativo de ensino em Farmacologia no curso de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Campus Sobral. Para a certificação, foram utilizados dois grupos de alunos, um em aula prática convencional e outro com o Pharmasoftware®. A análise dos resultados revelou que ambas as atividades foram igualmente eficazes em auxiliar na consolidação do tema Vias de Administração dos Fármacos, evidenciando, assim, o Pharmasoftware® como uma ferramenta capaz de auxiliar no ensino da Farmacologia e, ainda, de fomentar a implantação de outros métodos alternativos de ensino de Farmacologia nas Instituições de Ensino Superior.

ABSTRACT The Brazilian Law on scientific and teaching use of animals, Arouca’s Law (n° 11.794 – 2008), clearly states that animals should not be used if an alternative method is available. The aim of this study was to describe the development of a software (Pharmasoftware®) as an alternative method of teaching in pharmacology at a Medical School (Federal University of Ceara, Campus Sobral). To support the development and validation of the Pharmasoftware® as an alternative method, students were allocated into two groups: one attending a conventional practical class and the other employing Pharmasoftware®. The results showed that two activities were equally effective in improving the students’ knowledge of drug administration. Pharmasoftware® may therefore represent a tool capable of supporting pharmacology teaching and it also fostering the establishment of alternative methods for teaching Pharmacology in the undergraduate courses.